Ptolemy VI Philometor 180-145.  Cleopatra I, his mother, was regent 180-176.  Ptolemy VI was married to Cleopatra II, his sister. She and Ptolemy VIII Euergetes, his brother, were co-regents.  Supported Onias III.  Invaded by Antiochus III (1 Macc 1:17-19);  captured by Antiochus IV; killed in battle against Alexander Balas when he was supported Demetrius II

Cleopatra I

Ptolemy VI

Cleopatra Thea, daughter of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II (married to Alexander Balas in 150, Demetrius II in 146, and Antiochus VII in 138; mother of Antiochus VIII)

Cleopatra Thea

Simon II high priest 220-190 (continued)

Onias III high priest 190-174, murdered by Andronicus at the instigation of Menelaus

Sirach

A man named Zollos offered a vow "to the god who is in Dan."

Jason, the brother of Onias III, became  high priest because of a bribe 175-172, fled to Ammon when Menelaus became high priest, and led a revolt against Menelaus in 169/168

Menelaus high priest 172-162 2 Macc 4:23-25

Daniel 167-164

Judas Maccabeus 166-160

Alcimus high priest 162-159

Jonathan 160-142; named high priest by Alexander Balas 152-142; killed by Trypho.  "Wicked priest" in Dead Sea Scrolls

Seleucus IV Philopator 187-175

Seleucus IV

Killed on September 3, 175 B.C.E. by Heliodorus, who helped Antiochus IV to the throne

Heliodorus Stele. 
Seleucus IV appoints an overseer of sanctuaries,
including the temple at Jerusalem. When he invades
that temple, he is beaten by divine intervention.

Antiochus IV Epiphanes 175-164 (brother of Seleucus IV)

Antiochus V Eupator 164-162

Demetrius I Soter 162-150

                            

Appointed Alcimus high priest

Alexander I Balas 150-145 named Jonathan high priest

Onias IV establishes Jewish temple at Leontopolis (eastern Nile Delta)

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 145.  Married his sister Cleopatra III;  murdered by Ptolemy VIII his uncle 

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II 170-63; 145-116 murdered Ptolemy VII and married his mother, Cleopatra II, the widow of Ptolemy VI.  She wanted to make her son-in-law, Demetrius II, king of Egypt.  Cleopatra III was his niece and his wife beginning in 142. Their daughter married Antiochus VIII Grypus.  Their sons were Ptolemy IX and X.

Ptolemy VIII

Simon high priest 142-134; killed by his son-in-law Ptolemy son of Abubus at Dok, near Jericho 

Founding of Qumran Community?

Seleucids

Demetrius II Nicator 145-139, 129-126/5; confirmed Jonathan as high priest

Antiochus VI Epiphanes Dionysos 145-142; son of Alexander Balas and confirmed Jonathan as high priest

Tryphon Diodotus 142-138

Executed Jonathan the high priest and killed Antiochus VI

Ptolemy IX Soter II 116-107; 88-81 his mother and queen = Cleopatra III 107-101. Cleopatra expelled Ptolemy IX from Egypt.  He was king in Cyprus from 107-88; defeated Alexander Jannaeus in 103.  Destroyed Thebes.  Married to Cleopatra IV, his full sister

Ptolemy IX

Cleopatra III 107-101.  Co-regent with Ptolemy X, her son.

Ptolemy X Alexander I 107-88. Killed his mother Cleopatra III.  Married his niece Cleopatra Berenice III, daughter of Ptolemy IX.  Expelled and replaced by Ptolemy IX Soter II, his brother.

Ptolemy X

Ptolemy XI Alexander II 80. Illegitimate son of Ptolemy X; married Ptolemy IX's daughter and his stepmother, Cleopatra Berenice III, whom he murdered.  He was torn in pieces by an enraged mob

Ptolemy XI

Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes--the Flutist) 80-51.  Illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX; married to Cleopatra V. Helped Pompey in 63.  Father of Ptolemy XIII, XIV, and Cleopatra VI and Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator. 

Hasmoneans

John Hyrcanus I 134-104--demolished Samaria and destroyed temple on Mt. Gerizim; first Hasmonaean to mint coins

Legend: Yehohanan the high priest and the Council of the Jews

Judas Aristobulus I 104-103; starved his mother to death and executed his brother Antigonus

Alexander Jannaeus 103-76; brother of Aristobulus I; married to Salome Alexandra.  Pharisees brought Demetrius III against him.   Called "furious young lion" in Dead Sea Scrolls. Crucified 800 Pharisees.

Coins of Alexander Jannaeus

Temple Scroll from Qumran

War Scroll from Qumran

Salome Alexandra  76-67; ardently supported by Pharisees

Hyrcanus II high priest 76-67, 63-40.  He is the son of Alexander Jannaeus and Salome Alexandra

Aristobulus II 67-63; brother of Hyrcanus II; supported by the Sadducees

Pompey conquers Jerusalem in 63

Demetrius II 129-126/5. Also ruled 145-139

Cleopatra Thea murdered her son Seleucus V and seized throne for herself.

Cleopatra Thea and her co-regent Antiochus VIII, her son via Demetrius II

Alexander II Zabinas 128-123

Antiochus VIII Grypus 121-96

Antiochus IX Cyzicenus 114/3-95  Son of Antiochus VII and Cleopatra Thea

Antiochus X Eusebes 95

Demetrius III 95-88; son of Antiochus VIII

Phillip I Philadelphos 94-83; brother of Demetrius III

Antiochus XII Dionysus Epiphanes 87

Antiochus XIII Philadelphus 69-63

Philip II 67-66. Son of Philip I