Roman Rule

Egypt	Israel	Rome
Ptolemy XIII 51-47 BCE. Younger brother and husband of Cleopatra VII; drowned in Nile Ptolemy XIV 47-44 BCE. Also younger brother of Cleopatra VII; poisoned	Rulers in Israel during the Roman Period Hyrcanus II 63-40 BCE brother of Aristobulus II	Pompey initiates Roman rule of Palestine in 63 BCE; murdered in 48 by ministers of Ptolemy XIII, to whom he had fled from Julius Caesar
Cleopatra VII She had liaison with Julius Caesar. He died in 44 BCE Her son with Caesar = Caesarion = Ptolemy XV 47-30 BCE; killed on orders of Augustus Cleopatra and infant Caesarion Cleopatra VII also had a liaison with Mark Antony, who died in 30. They were defeated at Actium by Octavian Caesar. Their children: Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene, and Ptolemy Philadelphus Left: Cleopatra, top; Mark Antony, bottom Right: Cleopatra VII 30 BCE Egypt becomes part of Roman Empire; Lasts until 395 CE Cleopatra Selene and Juba II of Mauretania	Antigonus Mattathias 40-37 BCE. Son of Aristobulus II Aristobulus III, last Hasmonean high priest, executed by Herod in 35. His sister was Mariamme, who married Herod the Great Cleopatra VII Philopator Ananel high priest 37-35, 35-30?	March 15, 44 BCE Caesar killed by Brutus
Kings of Jewish Palestine Herod the Great 37-4 Herod Archelaus 4 BCE--6 CE Judea, Samaria, and Idumea Herod Antipas 4 BCE-39 CE Galilee and Perea Built Sepphoris and Tiberias; married Herodias Herod Philip 4 BCE-34 CE Built Caesarea Philippi Joseph Caiaphas high priest 18-36 Herod Agrippa I 37-44 CE grandson of Herod the Great. Succeeded Herod Phillip Herod Agrippa II Paul appeared before him Acts 25-26	Roman Governors/procurators Coponius 6-9 CE Marcus Ambivulus 9-12 CE Annius Rufus 12-15 CE Valerius Gratus 15-26 CE Pontius Pilate 26-36 CE Pilate inscription from Caesarea Marcellus 36-37 CE Marullus 37-41 CE Cuspius Fadus 44-46 CE (kills Theudas, an eschatological prophet) Tiberius Julius Alexander 46-48 CE (nephew of Philo of Alexandria) Ventidius Cumanus 48-52 CE Antonius Felix 52-60 CE Acts 23:24 Coin of Antonius Felix Porcius Festus 60-62 Albinus 62-64 Gessius Florus 64-66	Roman Emperors Augustus ruled 30 BCE -14 CE Tiberius 14-37 CE Gaius Caligula 37-41 CE Assassinated Claudius 41-54 CE Nero 54-68 CE Galba 68-69 CE Otho Vitellius
Temple facade on coin during Second Revolt	First Jewish Revolt 66-70 CE Sheqel of Israel Year 2 of revolt To the redemption of Zion, year 4 Judaea capta (Roman coin marking capture of Judea) Second Jewish Revolt under Bar Kokhba 132-135 CE Eleazar the priest and Simon (bar Kokhba) Jerusalem renamed: Aelia Capitolina	Vespasian 69-78 CE Vespasian Rome destroys Jerusalem 70 CE Masada destroyed 73 CE Titus 78-81 CE Arch of Titus showing Menorah from temple Titus Domitian 81-96 CE Nerva 96-98 CE Coin of Nerva Trajan 98-117 CE Hadrian 117-138 CE
Egypt	Israel	Rome

Roman Rule of Palestine--63 B.C.E. to 135 C. E.