Ahmose 1552-1527 expelled Hyksos; married to Ahmose Nefertiry, his sister.  He was a brother of Kamose

Ahmose

Shabti head of Ahmose

Amenhotep I (Amenophis) 1525-1504 (?)

Idrimi, king of Mukish ANEP 452; COS 1.148, pp.  479-480 ANET 557-558 Text of Inscription spent seven years in Ammia in Canaan with apiru

Statue of Idrimi

Ahmose Nefertari, wife of Ahmose and mother of Amenhotep

Hittite Kings
Ammuna 1550-1530

Huzziya I 1530-1525

Telepinu 1525-1500 COS 1.76, pp. 194-198 justifies his usurpation of throne

Hittite Laws COS 2.19, pp. 106-119; ANET 188-197

Astarte or Asherah-16c-Gezer

Thuthmosis I 1507-1494 married into royal family; erected a stela on banks of the Euphrates. Ahmose, his Great Wife, daughter of Ahmose I and sister of Amenhotep I.

   
          Thuthmosis I

Mummified head

Thuthmosis II 1494-1490 married to Hatshepsut, the daughter of Thuthmosis I, and to Isis, his concubine and mother of Thuthmosis III.

Thuthmosis I

Proto-Sinaitic inscription
"Beloved of Hathor, Mistress of Turquoise"
 

Six Hittite kings 1500-1430

Alluwamna

Tahurwaili

Hantili II

Zidanta II

Huzziya II

Hatshepsut Queen; married her half-brother Thuthmosis II 1490-1469; ANEP 388

Letter of Guli-Adad
to Talwashur, ruler
of Taanach

Middle Assyrian Laws (14c)  COS 2.132. pp.  353-360 ANET 180-188
Middle Assyrian Laws

Ashur-nirari I c. 1500, son of Ishme-Dagan II

Shamshi-Adad III, son of Ishme-Dagan II

Puzur-Ashur III ruled for 24 years; contemporary with Burnaburiash I

Enlil-Nasir I

Nur-ili 15th c; ruled for 12 years

Thutmosis III son of Thuthmosis II by a lesser wife Isis 1490-1436 ANET 22-23, 234-245, 373-375, 446-447; Annals COS 2.2A, pp.  7-13 ANET B 234-238, A-D 238-240  Gebel Barka Stela COS 2.2B, pp. 14-18 ANET C 238, D-C 240
Armant Stela COS 2.2C, pp. 18-19 ANET A 234  
ANEP 312, 313, 387

15 campaigns in "Asia".  Confronted a herd of 120 elephants.  Prevailed over Mitanni

1468 Battle of Megiddo--120 captured towns on wall at Karnak ANET 234-238; COS 2.2A, pp.  11-13

Thutmosis III
above and on left

Ashur-Rabi I early 15 century

Ashur-nadin-ahhe I mid 15c wrote to Thutmosis III

Amenhotep (Amenophis) II 1438-1412  (1427-1400?) ANEP 390-392; Memphis and Karnak Stelae COS 2.3, pp. 19-23; ANET 245-247

Hittite Empire 1430-1200

Tudhaliya I or II 1430-1410 revival of Hittite power

Anatolia 1500-700 BCE

Enlil-Nasir II 1430-1425

Thuthmosis IV 1412-1403; married to Artatama, daughter of king of Mitanni ANE 314-316; ANEP 393

Cleared sand from Sphinx

Thuthmosis IV and his mother Tiaa or Tiy

Map of Hittite Empire

Ashur-bel-nisheshu 1417-1409

Amenhotep (Amenophis) III 1403-1364 (1390-1352?); chief wife = Tiy ANEP 394-398, 400

       Colossi of Memnon

Amenophis III

Queen Tiye, mother
of Akhenaten

In year 10 Amenophis III married Gilukhepa, the daughter of Shuttarna, the king of Mitanni.  Later he married the sister of Tushratta of Mitanni. 

Amarna Letters ANET 483-490; COS 3.92A-G, pp.  237-242

Letters from the king of Alasiya (Cyprus) EA 35; EA 38  Amarna #35 from
Alashiya (Cyprus)

Amarna letter from Hebron

Letter 286 of Abdu Heba from Jerusalem; letter 287

Abdi-Ashirta, Amorite leader;  his son Aziru

Rib-Haddi, ruler of Byblos

Ammishtamru I king of Ugarit ca. 1360 (contemporary with Amenophis III)

Tjuyu, mother of Tiye and
mother-in-law of Amenophis III

El Amarna Research Tool
Summaries of Amarna Letters

Arnuwanda I Hittite king 1400-1360 Gurney puts him after Tudhalia II

Tudhaliya II or III

Hattusili II Hittite king

Amenophis III married daughter of Shuttarna II, king of Mittani. Mittani reached its greatest power.
 

Tudhaliya III Hittite king 1360-1350

Kadashman-Harbe I, 16th Kassite king of Babylon, c. 1400.

Kurigalzu I, 17th Kassite king of Babylon early 14th c.

Ashur-nadin-ahhe II 1400-1391

Eriba-Adad I 1390-1364

Amenophis IV 1364-1347 (Akhenaten)

Hymn to the Aten.  COS 1.28, pp. 44-46 ANET 369-371   ANEP 402-412

New capital at Akhetaton (Amarna)

His secondary wife Kiya was the mother of Tutankhamun. 

Kiya

Nefertiti, wife of Akhenaten

Rib-Addi of Byblos to Akhenaten EA 75, 79, 137
 

Abdu-Heba, ruler of Jerusalem; supported by Nubian mercenaries 1352-1336.  Amarna #286 from Abdu-Heba
Amarna #287 from Abdu-Heba

Amarna #298 from
Yapahu of Gezer warns of insurgency

Amarna #244 from Biridiya of Megiddo complains of Lab'ayu's attacks; #365 trying to improve his standing

Amarna #365 from
Biridiya

Lab'ayu, ruler of Shechem justifies his behavior

Abi-milki, ruler of Tyre EA 147

Lachish Ewer--gift to Elat = Asherah 14/13 c

Tushratta, king of Mitanni married his daughter Tadukhipa to Akhenaten; Tushratta was assassinated

Amarna letter from Tushratta to Akhenaten

Amarna #17 from
Tushratta to Amenophis III; Letter #23; Letter #26 to Tiye; Letter to Akhenaten

Suppiluliuma I Hittite king, founder of Hittite empire 1344-1322 married a daughter of Babylonian king; killed by the plague.
Treaty with Mattiwaza ANET 205-206 Destroys the Kingdom of Mitanni ANET 318  
Deeds of Suppiluliuma COS 1.74, pp. 185-192 ANET 319
Treaty with Aziru COS 2.17A, pp.  93-95
Letter to Akhenaten EA 41

Baal at Ugarit

Burnaburiash II Kassite king of Babylon 1359-1333 Letters to Akhenaten EA 7; EA 8;  EA 9

Karahardash, 20th Kassite king of Babylon 1333

Asshur-uballit I 1365-1330 letters to Amenophis IV EA 15, 16

Smenkhare 1348-1345; married to Meritaten, oldest daughter of Akhenaten

Tutankhamun 1345-1335 ANET 251-252, ANEP 318-319, 413-417, 419

Ankhesenamun, Tut's widow, daughter of Akhenaten, demanded a husband from Suppiluliuma I.  Zennanza was murdered on his way to Egypt 

King Tut

Ankhesenamun, Tut's widow. 

Ankhesenamun applies salve to Tut's shoulder

Horemheb 1332-1306 ANEP 418.  Brought a final end to the Amarna period

Horemheb with the goddess Hathor

Niqmepa, king of Ugarit, 1324-1274 (queen:  Ahat-milki)

Arnuwanda II Hittite king 1322-21 also killed by plague

Mursili II Hittite king  1321-1295
Plague Prayers COS 1.60, pp. 156-160 ANET 394-396
Ten Year Annals COS 2.16, pp.  82-90; Treaty with Duppi-Teshub COS 2.17B, pp.  96-98 ANET 203-205  Brought Hittites to dominant position in ANE

Enlil-nirari 1329-1320 defeated Kurigalzu II king of Karduniash

Arik-den-ili 1319-1308

19. Dynasty -- residence in eastern Delta; family tree

Ramesses I 1306-1305 Capital at Avaris

Seti I 1305-1290
Beth-Shan stela; funerary temple at Abydos

 ANET 253-255; ANE 317; COS 2.4; pp. 23-32; ANEP 320-331, 422

Seti

I
Seti I mummy

Stele of Seti I from Beth
 Shean

Lachish ewer 13c

Muwatalli II Hittite king 1295-1272 ANET 319 made peace with Seti I

Kadashman-Turgu, 24th Kassite king of Babylon, 1281-1264

Ramesses II 1290-1224 (1304-1237) married to Nefertari, Istonefret (mother of Merneptah) and many others; Beth-Shan Stela

Ramesseum--mortuary temple in western Thebes

ANET 199-201, 256-258

Papyrus Anastasi I ANET 475-479; ANEP 321, 333-339, 420; Craft of the Scribe COS 3.2, pp.  9-14

Treaty of Ramesses II with Hattusili III at Karnak 1261above and at Hattusa below.  Latter is Egyptian version written in Akkadian

Letter from Ramesses requesting marriage with daughter of Hattusili III

Lawsuit over a Syrian slave COS 3.10, pp.  31-32; ANET 216-217
 

Rock temple at Abu Simbel

A Report of Escaped Laborers COS 3.4, p. 16 ANET 259

Ramesses II

Battle of Kadesh against Muwattalli II  1275 COS 2.5A, pp.  32-40 ANET 255-256

Battle of Kadesh

Scenes from Battle of Kadesh at Ramesseum

Routes of the Exodus

Stela marking 400th anniversary of Hyksos rule. L to R:  god Seth, Ramesses II, and Seti I

Ammishtamru II, king of Ugarit, 1274-40

Ibiranu, king of Ugarit, 1240--? Receives angry letter from Piha-walwi of Hatti  COS 3.32, pp.  53

Niqmaddu III, king of Ugarit, ?--1225
Land grant COS 3.82, pp.  201

Joshua's Conquest ca 1230

Property conveyances from Ugarit COS 3.103-3.110, pp.  254-258

Ugaritic letters COS 3.45A-PP, pp.  87-116

Nefertari, wife of Ramesses II

Urhi-Teshub (Mursili III) Hittite king 1272-1267

Hattusili III Hittite king 1267-1237; married to Puduhepa; deposed Urhi-Teshub (Mursili III), his nephew
Treaty with Ramesses II ANET 201-203; Apology COS 1.77, pp.  199-204 justifies usurpation of throne from Urhi-Teshub
Letter to Puduhepa from Naptera, queen of Egypt  COS 3.30, p.  51

Seal of Puduhepa

Court case against Ura-Tarhunta COS 3.33, pp.  57-60

Votive records COS 3.36, pp.  66-67

Letter of Hattusili to Kadashman-Enlil II of Babylon  COS 3.31, pp.  52-53

Daughter of Hattusili marries Ramesses II

Tudhaliya IV Hittite king 1237-1228, 1227-1209 Beginning of the end
Oracle Report COS 1.78, pp. 204-206; Treaty with Shaushgamuwa 2.17C, pp. 98-100; Treaty with Kurunta his cousin and king of Tarkhuntassha COS 2.18, pp.  100-106

Tudhalia IV embraced by Sharruma

Tudhalia IV seal found on letter at Ugarit.

Kurunta Hittite king1228-1227, brother of Urhi-Teshub

Kadashman-Enlil II, 25th Kassite king of Babylon 1263-1255

Kudur-Enlil, 26th Kassite king of Babylon 1254-1246

Shagarti-Shuriash Kassite king of Babylon 1245-1233

Kashtiliash IV 28th Kassite king of Babylon  1232-1225

Enlil-nadin-shumi, 29th Kassite king of Babylon (contemporary of Tukulta-Ninurta I)

Kadashman-Harbe II,30th  Kassite king of Babylon 1223

Shalmaneser I 1274-1245

Tukulti-Ninurta I 1244-1208 Prayer COS 1.140, p.  472 Assyrian king; defeated Kashtiliash IV (described in Tukuli-Ninurta Epic

altar from this period

Merneptah (Merenptah) 1224-1204
ANET 258-259, 378

Merneptah Stele (first mention of Israel outside the Bible) ca. 1207 ANET 376-378; COS 2.6, pp.  40-41; ANEP 342-343, 423; Merneptah stela

Dead Israelites (Yurco); Canaanites (Rainey)

Shasu (Yurco); Israelites (Rainey)

Papyrus Anastasi III COS 3.3, p. 15  ANET 471
A Report of Bedouin COS 3.5, pp. 16-17; ANET 259 

Amenmesse 1204-1200

Seti II 1200-1194

Mummy of Seti II

Siptah 1194-1188, son of a secondary wife

Siptah before Re Horakhty

Tawosret, Queen 1188-1187 chief wife of Seti II.    End of 19th dynasty

Sea Peoples in Palestine
Merneptah stele

Spelling of "Israel"

"Israel is laid waste, his seed is not."

Map of Merneptah campaign

Ammurapi, last king of Ugarit, 1223-1180

Seti II

Letter from Ugarit found at Aphek, east of Byblos COS 3.94, p.  243

Arnuwanda III Hittite king 1209-1207

Suppiluliuma II Hittite king 1207-

Hittite conquest of Cyprus COS 1.75, pp.  192-193

Trouble with Sea Peoples

Rise of Neo-Hittite states

Merneptah

Merneptah mummy

Ashur-nadin-apli 1207-1204

  Ashur-nirari III 1203-1198